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Diabrotica

Enero 20, 2022

Diabrotica es un género de escarabajos de la familia Chrysomelidae. El género fue descrito por Chevrolat en 1837.

 
Diabrotica

Diabrotica virgifera

Taxonomía
Reino: Animalia
Filo: Arthropoda
Clase: Insecta
Orden: Coleoptera
Superfamilia: Chrysomeloidea
Familia: Chrysomelidae
Subfamilia: Galerucinae
Género: Diabrotica
Chevrolat, 1837
[editar datos en Wikidata]

"Siempre, durante el transcurso de nuestro experimento, nos ha llamado la atención la extraordinaria voracidad de Diabrotica speciosa respecto a Cucurbita andreana [el zapallito amargo]. Sobre zapallitos amargos de unos 90 gramos, partidos por la mitad y dejados sobre el suelo, se llegaban a concentrar hasta 300 insectos por fruto. Lo que demuestra a las claras la posibilidad de utilizar esta especie como planta-trampa en la lucha contra esta plaga de las hortalizas." (Contardi 1939)[1]​

Tallamy et al. (2002)[2]​ trabajando en Estados Unidos hallaron la misma atracción de los frutos del zapallito amargo de Cucurbita andreana sobre la especie emparentada Diabrotica virgifera vigifera, plaga de maíz. Sus hallazgos, curiosos debido a que las cucurbitacinas que le dan el sabor amargo son tóxicas para la mayoría de los insectos[cita 1]​, están en sintonía con los de otros autores que encontraron la gran atracción ejercida por las cucurbitáceas ricas en cucurbitacinas sobre los escarabajos crisomélidos de las tribus Diabrocitina y Aulacophorina[cita 2]​[cita 3]​[cita 4]​, que pueden detectarla desde largas distancias[cita 5]​[cita 6]​[cita 7]​ y las secuestran para su propia protección[cita 8]​[cita 9]​[cita 10]​

Se usan trampas contra estos insectos (utilizando como cebo la esencia floral de C. maxima simplificada),[cita 11]​ que se emplean hoy en día,[cita 12]​ si bien, como en los experimentos con zapallitos amargos cortados,[cita 8]​ el 99% de los insectos atraídos son machos[cita 13]​ que transfieren las cucurbitacinas a la hembra a través del espermatóforo y ella de allí a los huevos.

Lista de especies:[43]​[44]​

Citas

  1. Tallamy et al. (2005[3]​): (p.67) "[Cucurbitacins have] Noxious effects on other [other than Diabrocitina and Aulacophorina] insects" (Nielsen et al. 1977,[4]​ Tallamy et al. 1997a.[5]​)
  2. Tallamy et al. (2005[3]​): (p.67) "For more than a century, researchers have noted the curious attraction of adult luperine chrysomelids in the subtribes Diabrocitina and Aulacophorina to cucurbit species rich in the bitter compounds collectivelly called cucurbitacins (Webster 1895,[6]​ Contardi 1939,[1]​ Metcalf et al. 1980[7]​)".
  3. Tallamy et al. (2005):[3]​ (p.72) "As discussed above, cucurbitacins are phagostimulants for many luperine adults (Metcalf et al. 1980,[7]​ Nishida and Fukami 1990,[8]​ Tallamy et al. 1997b[9]​) and larvae (DeHeer and Tallamy 1991[10]​)".
  4. Tallamy et al. (2005[3]​): (p.70-71) "Cucurbitacins are produced in at least some tissues of all members of the Cucurbitaceae (Gibbs 1974,[11]​ Guha and Sen 1975,[12]​ Jeffrey 1980[13]​) and a few species in other plant families (Curtis and Meade 1971,[14]​ Pohlman 1975,[15]​ Dryer and Trousdale 1978,[16]​ Thorne 1981.[17]​) In most species they are concentrated in roots and fruits, with lesser amounts in stems and leaves. Because of their extreme bitterness, cucurbitacins are thought to be involved in plant protection against herbivores (Metcalf 1985,[18]​ Tallamy and Krischik 1989.)[19]​ Nevertheless, cucurbitacins are phagostimulants for both adults (Metcalf et al. 1980)[7]​ and larvae (DeHeer and Tallamy 1991[10]​) of several luperine species in the subtribes Aulacophorina and Diabroticina (Table 4.1) and can have important ecological consequences for plants that possess them (Tallamy and Krischik 1989[19]​). Adult luperines can detect cucurbitacins in nanogram quantities and readily devour bitter plant material (Metcalf 1994,[20]​ Tallamy et al. 1998.[21]​) In addition to WCR [western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera], cucurbitacins influence the behaviour of several important crop pests, including Diabrotica balteata LeConte, the banded cucumber beetle, Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence, the northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber, the southern corn rootworm, and Diabrotica speciosa, a crop pest in Central and South America." Tabla 4.1 lista los insectos fagostimulados por cada cucurbitacina (incluye datos no publicados).
  5. Tallamy et al. (2005[3]​): (p.67) "[Diabroticina and Aulacophorina] can locate cucurbits over long distances by tracking flower and wound volatiles, and... cucurbitacins are phagostimulants for Diabroticites that... cause them to eat anything containing these compounds (Sinha and Krishna 1970,[22]​ Metcalf et al. 1980[7]​)."
  6. Tallamy et al. (2005[3]​): (p.81-82) "Electroantennogram (EAG) recording was used to identify extract compounds attractive to Diabrocites, citing: Hibbard et al. (1997b[23]​), Cossé and Baker (1999[24]​)."
  7. Tallamy et al. (2005[3]​): (p.82) "As noted above, despite specialization on the Poaceae, adult WCR [western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera] and D. barberi feed compulsively on bitter cucurbitacins when presented the opportunity, and they are attracted to volatiles from Cucurbita blossoms (Metcalf and Metcalf 1992[25]​ and references therein)."
  8. ↑ Tallamy et al. (2005[3]​): (p.71-72). "Studies have shown that, when WCR [western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera] eat crystalline cucurbitacins for 2 days, they excrete 85% of the material and permanently sequester the remainder in their fat bodies, cuticles, haemolymph, spermatophores and developing eggs (Ferguson and Metcalf 1985,[26]​ Andersen et al. 1988,[27]​ Tallamy et al. 2000).[28]​ There is good evidence that, regardless of the cucurbitacin configuration eaten, beetles transform it through glycosilation, hydrogenation, desaturation and acetylation into 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin D (Andersen et al. 1988,[27]​ Nishida et al. 1992.)[29]​ There are decided defensive benefits to cucurbitacin sequestration. Beetles that have eaten cucurbitacins become highly distasteful and are readily rejected by predators such as mantids, mice and finches (Ferguson and Metcalf 1985,[26]​ Nishida and Fukami 1990,[8]​ DW Tallamy, unpublished data). Sequestered cucurbitacins may also discourage parasitoids such as tachinid flies in the genus Celatoria, although this has never been tested. Moreover, when cucurbitacins have been sequestered in eggs and larvae, both of which are denizens of pathogen-rich damp soil, survival after exposure to the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae is significantly improved (Tallamy et al. 1998[21]​). This may explain why females shunt 79% of the cucurbitacins that are not excreted into their eggs or the mucus coating of the eggs (Tallamy et al. 2000[28]​)."
  9. Tallamy et al. (2005[3]​): (p.73) "Luperines [Chrisomelidae] such as WCR [western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera], have been described as pharmacophagous insects (Nishida and Fukami 1990[8]​) because they search for particular phytochemicals for purposes other than primary metabolism or host recognition (Boppré 1990[30]​)."
  10. Tallamy et al. (2005[3]​): (p.73) "Whether obtained through pharmacophagy or specialization on cucurbits, cucurbitacins persist in the cuticle, fat bodies and haemolymph (Ferguson et al. 1985,[31]​ Andersen et al. 1988[27]​) and provide protection against predators (Ferguson and Metcalf 1985,[26]​ Nishida and Fukami 1990[8]​) and/or pathogens (Tallamy et al. 1998.[21]​) Perhaps because of their defensive benefits, both cucurbitacins and pyrrolizidine alkaloids have also become an integral component of the reproductive behaviour of participating species (Dussourd et al. 1991,[32]​ LaMunyon and Eisner 1993,[33]​ Tallamy et al. 2000).[28]​ In both cases, the pharmacophagous agent is consumed directly by females and/or is sequestered by males and passed whithin spermatophores to females. Females, in turn, shunt the majority of these materials to developing eggs".
  11. Tallamy et al. (2005[3]​): (p.81) "Diabrotica spp., in general, have been associated with blossoms of varying Cucurbita spp. (Fronk and Slater 1956,[34]​ Howe and Rhodes 1976,[35]​ Bach 1977,[36]​ Fisher et al. 1984[37]​). Andersen and Metcalf (1987[38]​)... (found they preferred C. maxima over the other species)" (p.81) "Andersen (1987[39]​) identified 22 of the 31 major components of C. maxima floral aroma. Metcalf and Lampman (1991[40]​ and references therein) evaluated them for attraction to diabroticite beetles... Metcalf and Metcalf (1992[25]​ and references therein) (developed a 3-component blend as a highly simplified Cucurbita blossom volatile aroma). (p.83) "Metcalf and Metcalf (1992[25]​)... added a methoxy group to natural compounds (that) dramatically increased its effectiveness in attracting adult beetles.... It is these more attractive methoxy analogues of natural compounds which are generally used as lures today".
  12. Tallamy et al. (2005[3]​): (p.83-84-85) it mentions some real lures and if they are commercially availables, the most effective a new trap developed by Trécé (Salinas, California) containing buffalo gourd root powder.
  13. Tallamy et al.: (2005[3]​) (p.72)"Despite the benefits to female WCR [western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera] from eating bitter cucurbit tissues, it is males rather than females who actively seek these compounds in nature. In a field trial quantifying the sex ratio of beetles that came to cucurbitacin-rich fruits of Cucurbita andreana, Tallamy et al. (2002[2]​) found that 99% of the 224 WCR [western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera] found at the fruits over a 5-day period were males. This result concurs with the male-biased sex ratios frequently found in cucurbitacin traps (Shaw et al. 1984;[41]​ Fielding and Ruesink 1985[42]​). Apparently females rely on males for their primary source of cucurbitacins (Tallamy et al. 2000[28]​). Males sequester 89% of the cucurbitacins not excreted after ingestion in their spermatophores and pass them to females during copulation. Whether such behaviour imparts a mating advantage to WCR [western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera] males has not been investigated."

Referencias

  1. ↑ Contardi, GH. 1939. Estudios genéticos en Cucurbita y consideraciones agronómicas. Physis 18:331-347.
  2. ↑ Tallamy, D.W., Powell, B.E. y McClafferty, J.A. (2002) Male traits under cryptic female choice in the spotted cucumber beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Behavioral Ecology 13, 511–518
  3. ↑ Tallamy DW, BE Hibbard, TL Clark and JJ Gillespie. 2005. Western Corn Rootworm, Cucurbits and Cucurbitacins. In: S Vidal et al. (eds.) 2005. Western Corn Rootworm: Ecology and Management CAB International. Chapter 4. . Archivado desde el original el 29 de noviembre de 2014. Consultado el 23 de noviembre de 2014. 
  4. Nielsen JK, Larsen M and Sorenson HJ (1977) Cucurbitacins E and I in Iberis amara feeding inhibitors for Phyllotreta nemorum. Phytochemistry 16:1519-1522.
  5. Tallamy DW, Stull J, Erhesman N and Mason CE. 1997. Cucurbitacins as feeding and oviposition deterrents in nonadapted insects. Environmental Entomology 26:678-688.
  6. Webster FM (1895) On the probable origin, development and diffusion of North American species of the genus Diabrotica. Journal of the New York Entomological Society 3:158-166.
  7. ↑ Metcalf RL, Metcalf RA y Rhodes AM (1980) Cucurbitacins as kairomones for diabroticite beetles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 17:3769-3772.
  8. ↑ Nishida R and Fukami H (1990) Sequestration of distasteful compounds by some pharmacophagous insects. Journal of Insect Physiology 40:913-931.
  9. Tallamy, D.W., Gorski, P.M. and Pesek, J. (1997b) Intra- and interspecific genetic variation in the gustatory perception of cucurbitacins by diabroticite rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Environmental Entomology 26, 1364–1372.
  10. ↑ DeHeer, C.J. y Tallamy, D.W. (1991) Cucumber beetle larval affinity to cucurbitacins. Environmental Entomology 20, 775–788
  11. Gibbs, R.D. (1974) Chemotaxonomy of Flowering Plants 2. McGill-Queen’s University Press. Montreal and London, pp. 829–830, 843, 1255–1259
  12. Guha, J. and Sen, S.P. (1975) The cucurbitacins – a review. Journal of Plant Biochemistry 2, 12–28
  13. Jeffrey, C. (1980) A review of the Cucurbitaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 81, 233–247.
  14. Curtis, P.S. and Meade, P.M. (1971) Cucurbitacins from Crusiferae. Phytochemistry 10, 3081–3083
  15. Pohlman, J. (1975) Die Cucurbitacine in Bryonia alba und Bryonia dioica. Phytochemistry 14, 1587–1589
  16. Dryer, D.L. y Trousdale, E.K. (1978) Cucurbitacins in Purshia tridentate. Phytochemistry 17, 325–326
  17. Thorne, R.F. (1981) Phytochemistry and angiosperm phylogeny, a summary statement. En: Young, D.A. and Seigler, D.F. (eds) Phytochemistry and Angiosperm Phylogeny. Praeger, New York, pp. 233–295.
  18. Metcalf, R.L. (1985) Plant kairomones and insect pest control. Bulletin III Natural History Survey 35, 175
  19. ↑ Tallamy, D.W. y Krischik, V.A. (1989) Variation and function of cucurbitacins in Cucurbita: an examination of current hypotheses. American Naturalist 133, 766–786
  20. Metcalf, R.L. (1994) Chemical ecology of Diabroticites. En: Jolivet, P.H. , Cox, M.L. y Petitpierre, E. (eds) Novel Aspects of the Biology of the Chrysomelidae. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 153–169
  21. ↑ Tallamy, D.W., Whittington, D.P., Defurio, F., Fontaine, D.A., Gorski, P.M. y Gothro, P. (1998) The effect of sequestered cucurbitacins on the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Moniliales: Moniliaceae) on spotted cucumber beetle eggs and larvae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Environmental Entomology 27, 366–372
  22. Sinha AK, y Krishna SS (1970). Further studies on the feeding behavior Aulacophora foveicollis on cucurbitacin. Journal of Economic Entomology 63:333-334.
  23. Hibbard, B.E., Randolph, T.L., Bernklau, E.J. y Bjostad, L.B. (1997b) Electro-antennogram-active components of buffalo gourd root powder for western corn rootworm adults (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Environmental Entomology 26, 1136–1142.
  24. Cossé, A.A. y Baker, T.C. (1999) Electrophysiologically and behaviorally active volatiles of buffalo gourd root powder for corn rootworm beetles. Journal of Chemical Ecology 25, 51–66.
  25. ↑ Metcalf, R.L. y Metcalf, E.R. (1992) Plant Kairomones in Insect Ecology and Control. Routledge, Chapman and Hall, New York
  26. ↑ Ferguson, J.E. y Metcalf, R.L. (1985) Cucurbitacins: plant derived defense compounds for Diabroticina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology 11, 311–318.
  27. ↑ Andersen JF, RD Plattner y D Weisleder. 1988. Metabolic transformations of cucurbitacins by Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte and D. undecimpunctata howardi Barber. Insect Biochemistry 19:71-78.
  28. ↑ Tallamy, D.W., Gorski, P.M. y Burzon, J.K. (2000) The fate of male-dervied cucurbitacins in spotted cucumber beetle females. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26, 413–427
  29. Nishida, R., Yokoyama, M. y Fukami, H. (1992) Sequestration of cucurbitacin analogs by New and Old World chrysomelids leaf beetles in the tribe Luperini. Chemoecology 3, 19–24
  30. Boppré, M. (1990) Lepidoptera and pyrrolizidine alkaloids: exemplification of complexity in chemical ecology. Journal of Chemical Ecology 16, 165–180
  31. No hay tal "Ferguson et al. 1985" Puede haberse referido a "Ferguson et al. 1983": Ferguson, J.E., Metcalf, E.R., Metcalf, R.L. y Rhodes, A.M. (1983) Influence of cucurbitacin content in cotyledons of Cucurbitaceae cultivars upon feeding behavior of Diabroticina beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 76, 47–57
  32. Dussourd, D.E., Harvis, C.A., Meinwald, J. and Eisner, T. (1991) Pheromonal advertisement of a nuptial gift by a male moth (Utethesia ornatrix). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 88, 9224–9227.
  33. LaMunyon, C.W. and Eisner, T. (1993) Postcopulatory sexual selection in an arctiid moth (Utethesia ornatrix). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 90, 4689–4692
  34. Fronk, W.D. y Slater, J.H. (1956) Insect fauna of cucurbit flowers. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 29, 141–145
  35. Howe, W.L. y Rhodes, A.M. (1976) Phytophagous insect association with Cucurbita in Illinois. Environmental Entomology 5, 747–751
  36. Bach, C.E. (1977) Distribution of Acalymma vittata and Diabrotica virgifera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on Cucurbita. Great Lakes Entomologist 10, 123–125.
  37. Fisher, J.R., Branson, T.F. y Sutter, G.R. (1984) Use of common squash cultivars, Cucurbita spp., for mass collection of corn rootworm beetles, Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society J 57, 409–412
  38. Andersen JF y RL Metcalf. 1987. Factors influencing distribution of Diabrotica spp. in blossoms of cultivated Cucurbita spp. Journal of Chemical Ecology 13:681-699.
  39. Andersen JF. 1987. Composition of the floral odor of Cucurbita maxima Duchesne (Cucurbitaceae). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 35:60-62.
  40. Metcalf, R.L. y Lampman, R.L. (1991) Evolution of diabroticite rootworm beetle (Chrysomelidae) receptors for Cucurbita blossom volatiles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88, 1869–1872
  41. Shaw, J.T., Ruesink, W.G., Briggs, S.P. y Luckman, W.H. (1984) Monitoring populations of corn rootworm beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) with a trap baited with cucurbitacins. Journal of Economic Entomology 77, 1495–1499
  42. Fielding, D.J. y Ruesink, W.G. (1985) Varying amounts of bait influences numbers of western and northern corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) caught in cucurbitacins traps. Journal of Econonomic Entomology 78, 1138–1144
  43. «Diabrotica». Encyclopedia of Life (en inglés). EOL.org. Consultado el 4 de febrero de 2015. 
  44. Hallan, Joel Kenneth (6 de junio de 2010). . Biology Catalog de la Universidad de Texas A&M‎ (en inglés). Archivado desde el original el 2016. 
  45. ↑ Brontabel, 2013-Derunkov-Konstantinov

Enlaces externos

  •   Datos: Q1937630
  •   Multimedia: Diabrotica
  •   Especies: Diabrotica

Enero 20, 2022
diabrotica, género, escarabajos, familia, chrysomelidae, género, descrito, chevrolat, 1837, virgifera, undecimpunctatataxonomíareino, animaliafilo, arthropodaclase, insectaorden, coleopterasuperfamilia, chrysomeloideafamilia, chrysomelidaesubfamilia, galerucin. Diabrotica es un genero de escarabajos de la familia Chrysomelidae El genero fue descrito por Chevrolat en 1837 DiabroticaDiabrotica virgiferaDiabrotica undecimpunctataTaxonomiaReino AnimaliaFilo ArthropodaClase InsectaOrden ColeopteraSuperfamilia ChrysomeloideaFamilia ChrysomelidaeSubfamilia GalerucinaeGenero Diabrotica Chevrolat 1837 editar datos en Wikidata Siempre durante el transcurso de nuestro experimento nos ha llamado la atencion la extraordinaria voracidad de Diabrotica speciosa respecto a Cucurbita andreana el zapallito amargo Sobre zapallitos amargos de unos 90 gramos partidos por la mitad y dejados sobre el suelo se llegaban a concentrar hasta 300 insectos por fruto Lo que demuestra a las claras la posibilidad de utilizar esta especie como planta trampa en la lucha contra esta plaga de las hortalizas Contardi 1939 1 Tallamy et al 2002 2 trabajando en Estados Unidos hallaron la misma atraccion de los frutos del zapallito amargo de Cucurbita andreana sobre la especie emparentada Diabrotica virgifera vigifera plaga de maiz Sus hallazgos curiosos debido a que las cucurbitacinas que le dan el sabor amargo son toxicas para la mayoria de los insectos cita 1 estan en sintonia con los de otros autores que encontraron la gran atraccion ejercida por las cucurbitaceas ricas en cucurbitacinas sobre los escarabajos crisomelidos de las tribus Diabrocitina y Aulacophorina cita 2 cita 3 cita 4 que pueden detectarla desde largas distancias cita 5 cita 6 cita 7 y las secuestran para su propia proteccion cita 8 cita 9 cita 10 Se usan trampas contra estos insectos utilizando como cebo la esencia floral de C maxima simplificada cita 11 que se emplean hoy en dia cita 12 si bien como en los experimentos con zapallitos amargos cortados cita 8 el 99 de los insectos atraidos son machos cita 13 que transfieren las cucurbitacinas a la hembra a traves del espermatoforo y ella de alli a los huevos Lista de especies 43 44 Diabrotica bowditchiana Wickham 1914 Diabrotica exesa Wickham 1911 Diabrotica florissantella Wickham 1914 Diabrotica uteana Wickham 1914 Diabrotica adelpha Harold 1875 Diabrotica adornata Baly 1890 Diabrotica aegrota Baly 1890 Diabrotica alboplagiata Jacoby 1882 Diabrotica alegrensis Bechyne amp Bechyne 1962 Diabrotica alexia Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica alfazema Bechyne 1997 Diabrotica amecameca Krysan amp Smith 1987 Diabrotica amoena Dalman 1823 Diabrotica amoenula Boheman 1859 Diabrotica analis Baly 1890 Diabrotica antonietta Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica apicalis Baly 1886 Diabrotica apicicornis Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica apicipennis Baly 1890 Diabrotica aracatuba Bechyne amp Bechyne 1964 Diabrotica arcuata Baly 1859 Diabrotica asignata Baly 1890 Diabrotica atomaria Jacoby 1889 Diabrotica atriceps Baly 1890 Diabrotica atriineata Baly 1889 Diabrotica atriscutata Baly 1890 Diabrotica atromaculata Baly 1889 Diabrotica atrosignata Baly 1890 Diabrotica bakeri Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica barberi R Smith amp Lawrence 1967 Diabrotica balteata Leconte 1865 Diabrotica bartleti Baly 1890 Diabrotica beniensis Krysan amp Smith 1987 Diabrotica biannularis Harold 1875 Diabrotica bilineata Baly 1890 Diabrotica bioculata Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica bipartita Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica bipustulata Baly 1886 Diabrotica bisecta Baly 1890 Diabrotica boggianii Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica boliviana Harold 1877 Diabrotica bordoni Bechyne amp Bechyne 1969 Diabrotica brevicornis Baly 1890 Diabrotica brevilineata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica brevittitata Baly 1890 Diabrotica brunneosignata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica buckleyi Baly 1879 Diabrotica buqueti Baly 1889 Diabrotica caiuba Bechyne amp Bechyne 1969 Diabrotica calchaqui Cabrera amp Cabrera Walsh 2004 Diabrotica callangaensis Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica carolae Krysan amp Smith 1987 Diabrotica cavicollis Baly 1890 Diabrotica centralis Jacoby 1882 Diabrotica championi Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica chapuisi Baly 1886 Diabrotica chimborensis Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica chloris Baly 1890 Diabrotica chloropus Harold 1875 Diabrotica chlororhoidalis Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica chontalensis Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica circulata Harold 1875 Diabrotica clarkellita Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica clarki Weise 1916 Diabrotica clio Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica columbiensis Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica confluenta Baly 1890 Diabrotica confraterna Baly 1889 Diabrotica confusa Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica consentanea Baly 1886 Diabrotica contigua Baly 1889 Diabrotica crenulata Baly 1890 Diabrotica cristata Harris 1837 Diabrotica cryptochlora Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica cryptomorpha Bechyne 1997 Diabrotica curvilineata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica curvipustulata Baly 1890 Diabrotica cyaneomaculata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica decaspila Baly 1890 Diabrotica decempunctata Latreille 1813 Diabrotica deliqua Weise 1921 Diabrotica delrio Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica discoidalis Baly 1865 Diabrotica dissimilis Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica distincta Jacoby 1882 Diabrotica diversicornis Baly 1890 Diabrotica duplicata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica duvivieri Baly 1886 Diabrotica dysoni Baly 1886 Diabrotica egleri Bechyne amp Bechyne 1961 Diabrotica elata Fabricius 1801 Diabrotica elegantula Baly 1886 Diabrotica emorsitans Baly 1890 Diabrotica enae Marques 1941 Diabrotica ephemera Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica eustolia Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica evanescens Baly 1889 Diabrotica exclamationis Baly 1859 Diabrotica extensa Baly 1889 Diabrotica facialis Baly 1890 Diabrotica fallaciosa Weise 1921 Diabrotica fallenia Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica fasciata Kirsch 1883 45 Diabrotica fauveli Baly 1890 Diabrotica febronia Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica fenestralis Jacoby 1879 Diabrotica fidelia Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica firmiona Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica flava Olivier 1791 Diabrotica flaviventris Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica flavofulva Baly 1890 Diabrotica formosa Baly 1886 Diabrotica fowleri Baly 1890 Diabrotica freudei Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica fucata Fabricius 1787 Diabrotica fulveola Baly 1890 Diabrotica fulvicornis Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica fulvofasciata Jacoby 1889 Diabrotica funerea Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica fuscula Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica gahani Jacoby 1893 Diabrotica generosa Baly 1879 Diabrotica germari Baly 1890 Diabrotica glaucina Baly 1889 Diabrotica godmani Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica gorhami Baly 1890 Diabrotica gracilenta Erichson 1847 Diabrotica gracilis Jacoby 1878 Diabrotica graminea Baly 1886 Diabrotica gratiosa Baly 1886 Diabrotica grayella Baly 1886 Diabrotica guaira Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica guaratiba Marques 1941 Diabrotica gudula Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica guttifera Baly 1889 Diabrotica haroldi Baly 1886 Diabrotica hathawayi Marques 1941 Diabrotica helga Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica hilli Krysan amp Smith 1987 Diabrotica hogei Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica ianthe Baly 1890 Diabrotica illigeri Baly 1889 Diabrotica impressipennis Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica inaequalis Baly 1886 Diabrotica inornata Weise 1921 Diabrotica interrupta Baly 1886 Diabrotica iridicollis Bechyne amp Bechyne 1965 Diabrotica isohaeta Bechyne amp Bechyne 1969 Diabrotica jacobiana Duvivier 1885 Diabrotica jacobyi Baly 1879 Diabrotica jamaicensis Bryant 1924 Diabrotica jariensis Bechyne amp Bechyne 1965 Diabrotica javeti Baly 1889 Diabrotica kirbyi Baly 1890 Diabrotica klugii Baly 1886 Diabrotica kraatzi Baly 1890 Diabrotica labiata Baly 1886 Diabrotica lacordairei Kirsch 1883 Diabrotica lamiina Bechyne amp Bechyne 1969 Diabrotica latevittata Baly 1886 Diabrotica lebasii Baly 1886 Diabrotica lemniscata Leconte 1868 Diabrotica liberata Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica liciens Fabricius 1801 Diabrotica limitata Sahlberg 1823 Diabrotica linensis Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica linsleyi Krysan amp Smith 1987 Diabrotica longicornis Say 1824 Diabrotica luciana Blake 1965 Diabrotica lucifera Erichson 1847 Diabrotica luederwaldti Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica lundi Smith amp Lawrence 1967 Diabrotica luteopustulata Baly 1890 Diabrotica lutescens Baly 1890 Diabrotica macrina Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica manaensis Weise 1921 Diabrotica mapiriensis Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica marsila Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica matina Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica mauliki Barber 1947 Diabrotica mediofasciata Baly 1890 Diabrotica melanopa Erichson 1847 Diabrotica melanopyga Baly 1889 Diabrotica meyeri Baly 1890 Diabrotica milleri Krysan amp Smith 1987 Diabrotica minuta Jacoby 1879 Diabrotica modesta Fabricius 1801 Diabrotica morosa Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica moseri Weise 1921 Diabrotica munda Weise 1921 Diabrotica mutabilis Baly 1886 Diabrotica myrna Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica neolineata Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica nigritarsis Baly 1889 Diabrotica nigrocincta Baly 1886 Diabrotica nigrolimbata Baly 1886 Diabrotica nigromaculata Jacoby 1878 Diabrotica nigroscutata Baly 1890 Diabrotica nigrostriata Baly 1890 Diabrotica nitidicollis Baly 1889 Diabrotica novemguttata Weise 1921 Diabrotica novemmaculata Jacoby 1878 Diabrotica nummularis Harold 1877 Diabrotica obscura Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica occlusa Champion 1920 Diabrotica ochreata Fabricius 1792 Diabrotica octoplagiata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica oculata Baly 1890 Diabrotica olivacea Jacoby 1882 Diabrotica olivieri Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica orthocosta Bechyne amp Bechyne 1969 Diabrotica pachitensis Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica palpalis Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica panamensis Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica panchroma Bechyne 1955 Diabrotica paradoxa Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica paranaensis Marques 1941 Diabrotica parintinsensis Bechyne amp Bechyne 1969 Diabrotica pascoei Baly 1879 Diabrotica paula Bechyne amp Bechyne 1962 Diabrotica pauperata Baly 1890 Diabrotica peckii Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica periscopica Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica piceicornis Baly 1889 Diabrotica piceolimbata Baly 1890 Diabrotica piceomarginata Baly 1890 Diabrotica piceonotata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica piceopicta Baly 1890 Diabrotica piceopunctata Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica piceosignata Baly 1890 Diabrotica platysoma Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica plaumanni Bechyne 1954 Diabrotica plebeja Weise 1921 Diabrotica poeclienta Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica porracea Harold 1875 Diabrotica praeusta Weise 1921 Diabrotica propylaea Bechyne amp Bechyne 1969 Diabrotica prostigma Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica proximans Baly 1890 Diabrotica pulchella Jacquelin Val 1856 Diabrotica pulchra Sahlberg 1823 Diabrotica purpurascens Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica pygidialis Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica quadricollis Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica ramona Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica recki Marques 1941 Diabrotica reedi Baly 1890 Diabrotica regalis Baly 1859 Diabrotica regularis Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica relicta Suffrian 1867 Diabrotica rendalli Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica rogersi Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica rosenbergi Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica rufolimbata Baly 1879 Diabrotica rufomaculata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica rufopustulata Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica samouella Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica sancatarina Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica sanguinicollis Jacoby 1879 Diabrotica schaufussi Baly 1890 Diabrotica scripta Olivier 1808 Diabrotica scutellata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica sebaldia Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica sedata Baly 1890 Diabrotica selecta Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica semicirculata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica semiflava Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica semisulcata Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica septemliturata Erichson 1847 Diabrotica septemplagiata Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica serrozulensis Bechyne amp Bechyne 1962 Diabrotica sesquilineata Erichson 1847 Diabrotica sexmaculata Baly 1879 Diabrotica sharpii Kirsch 1883 Diabrotica sheba Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica signaticornis Chevrolat 1844 Diabrotica signifera Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica silvai Marques 1941 Diabrotica simulata Baly 1890 Diabrotica sinuata Olivier 1789 Diabrotica songoensis Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica speciosa Germar 1824 Diabrotica speciosissima Baly 1879 Diabrotica spilota Baly 1890 Diabrotica sublimbata Baly 1865 Diabrotica submarginata Baly 1890 Diabrotica subrugosa Gahan 1891 Diabrotica subsulcata Baly 1865 Diabrotica surinamensis Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica synoptica Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica tarsalis Harold 1875 Diabrotica teresa Bechyne 1956 Diabrotica terminalis Jacoby 1879 Diabrotica tessellata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica testaceicollis Baly 1890 Diabrotica tibialis Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica tijuquensis Marques 1941 Diabrotica tortuosa Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica transversa Baly 1890 Diabrotica travassosi Marques 1941 Diabrotica tricolor Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica trifasciata Fabricius 1801 Diabrotica trifoveolata Baly 1890 Diabrotica trifurcata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica triphonia Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica tropica Weise 1921 Diabrotica tripunctata Fabricius 1801 45 Diabrotica tumidicornis Erichson 1847 Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim 1843 Diabrotica underwoodi Bowditch 1911 Diabrotica unipunctata Jacoby 1882 Diabrotica univittata Jacoby 1899 Diabrotica utingae Marques 1941 Diabrotica vagrans Baly 1889 Diabrotica varicornis Jacoby 1889 Diabrotica variegata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica venancia Bechyne 1958 Diabrotica venezuelensis Jacoby 1882 Diabrotica vilaolivae Bechyne amp Bechyne 1969 Diabrotica virescens Baly 1886 Diabrotica virgifera LeConte 1858 Diabrotica viridana Baly 1886 Diabrotica viridans Baly 1889 Diabrotica viridicollis Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica viridifasciata Jacoby 1887 Diabrotica viridilimbata Baly 1879 Diabrotica viridimaculata Jacoby 1878 Diabrotica viridipustulata Baly 1886 Diabrotica viridula Fabricius 1801 Diabrotica weisei Baly 1890 Diabrotica westwoodi Baly 1889 Diabrotica zikani Bechyne 1968 Diabrotica zischkai Bechyne 1956Citas Editar Tallamy et al 2005 3 p 67 Cucurbitacins have Noxious effects on other other than Diabrocitina and Aulacophorina insects Nielsen et al 1977 4 Tallamy et al 1997a 5 Tallamy et al 2005 3 p 67 For more than a century researchers have noted the curious attraction of adult luperine chrysomelids in the subtribes Diabrocitina and Aulacophorina to cucurbit species rich in the bitter compounds collectivelly called cucurbitacins Webster 1895 6 Contardi 1939 1 Metcalf et al 1980 7 Tallamy et al 2005 3 p 72 As discussed above cucurbitacins are phagostimulants for many luperine adults Metcalf et al 1980 7 Nishida and Fukami 1990 8 Tallamy et al 1997b 9 and larvae DeHeer and Tallamy 1991 10 Tallamy et al 2005 3 p 70 71 Cucurbitacins are produced in at least some tissues of all members of the Cucurbitaceae Gibbs 1974 11 Guha and Sen 1975 12 Jeffrey 1980 13 and a few species in other plant families Curtis and Meade 1971 14 Pohlman 1975 15 Dryer and Trousdale 1978 16 Thorne 1981 17 In most species they are concentrated in roots and fruits with lesser amounts in stems and leaves Because of their extreme bitterness cucurbitacins are thought to be involved in plant protection against herbivores Metcalf 1985 18 Tallamy and Krischik 1989 19 Nevertheless cucurbitacins are phagostimulants for both adults Metcalf et al 1980 7 and larvae DeHeer and Tallamy 1991 10 of several luperine species in the subtribes Aulacophorina and Diabroticina Table 4 1 and can have important ecological consequences for plants that possess them Tallamy and Krischik 1989 19 Adult luperines can detect cucurbitacins in nanogram quantities and readily devour bitter plant material Metcalf 1994 20 Tallamy et al 1998 21 In addition to WCR western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera cucurbitacins influence the behaviour of several important crop pests including Diabrotica balteata LeConte the banded cucumber beetle Diabrotica barberi Smith and Lawrence the northern corn rootworm Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber the southern corn rootworm and Diabrotica speciosa a crop pest in Central and South America Tabla 4 1 lista los insectos fagostimulados por cada cucurbitacina incluye datos no publicados Tallamy et al 2005 3 p 67 Diabroticina and Aulacophorina can locate cucurbits over long distances by tracking flower and wound volatiles and cucurbitacins are phagostimulants for Diabroticites that cause them to eat anything containing these compounds Sinha and Krishna 1970 22 Metcalf et al 1980 7 Tallamy et al 2005 3 p 81 82 Electroantennogram EAG recording was used to identify extract compounds attractive to Diabrocites citing Hibbard et al 1997b 23 Cosse and Baker 1999 24 Tallamy et al 2005 3 p 82 As noted above despite specialization on the Poaceae adult WCR western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and D barberi feed compulsively on bitter cucurbitacins when presented the opportunity and they are attracted to volatiles from Cucurbita blossoms Metcalf and Metcalf 1992 25 and references therein a b Tallamy et al 2005 3 p 71 72 Studies have shown that when WCR western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera eat crystalline cucurbitacins for 2 days they excrete 85 of the material and permanently sequester the remainder in their fat bodies cuticles haemolymph spermatophores and developing eggs Ferguson and Metcalf 1985 26 Andersen et al 1988 27 Tallamy et al 2000 28 There is good evidence that regardless of the cucurbitacin configuration eaten beetles transform it through glycosilation hydrogenation desaturation and acetylation into 23 24 dihydrocucurbitacin D Andersen et al 1988 27 Nishida et al 1992 29 There are decided defensive benefits to cucurbitacin sequestration Beetles that have eaten cucurbitacins become highly distasteful and are readily rejected by predators such as mantids mice and finches Ferguson and Metcalf 1985 26 Nishida and Fukami 1990 8 DW Tallamy unpublished data Sequestered cucurbitacins may also discourage parasitoids such as tachinid flies in the genus Celatoria although this has never been tested Moreover when cucurbitacins have been sequestered in eggs and larvae both of which are denizens of pathogen rich damp soil survival after exposure to the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae is significantly improved Tallamy et al 1998 21 This may explain why females shunt 79 of the cucurbitacins that are not excreted into their eggs or the mucus coating of the eggs Tallamy et al 2000 28 Tallamy et al 2005 3 p 73 Luperines Chrisomelidae such as WCR western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera have been described as pharmacophagous insects Nishida and Fukami 1990 8 because they search for particular phytochemicals for purposes other than primary metabolism or host recognition Boppre 1990 30 Tallamy et al 2005 3 p 73 Whether obtained through pharmacophagy or specialization on cucurbits cucurbitacins persist in the cuticle fat bodies and haemolymph Ferguson et al 1985 31 Andersen et al 1988 27 and provide protection against predators Ferguson and Metcalf 1985 26 Nishida and Fukami 1990 8 and or pathogens Tallamy et al 1998 21 Perhaps because of their defensive benefits both cucurbitacins and pyrrolizidine alkaloids have also become an integral component of the reproductive behaviour of participating species Dussourd et al 1991 32 LaMunyon and Eisner 1993 33 Tallamy et al 2000 28 In both cases the pharmacophagous agent is consumed directly by females and or is sequestered by males and passed whithin spermatophores to females Females in turn shunt the majority of these materials to developing eggs Tallamy et al 2005 3 p 81 Diabrotica spp in general have been associated with blossoms of varying Cucurbita spp Fronk and Slater 1956 34 Howe and Rhodes 1976 35 Bach 1977 36 Fisher et al 1984 37 Andersen and Metcalf 1987 38 found they preferred C maxima over the other species p 81 Andersen 1987 39 identified 22 of the 31 major components of C maxima floral aroma Metcalf and Lampman 1991 40 and references therein evaluated them for attraction to diabroticite beetles Metcalf and Metcalf 1992 25 and references therein developed a 3 component blend as a highly simplified Cucurbita blossom volatile aroma p 83 Metcalf and Metcalf 1992 25 added a methoxy group to natural compounds that dramatically increased its effectiveness in attracting adult beetles It is these more attractive methoxy analogues of natural compounds which are generally used as lures today Tallamy et al 2005 3 p 83 84 85 it mentions some real lures and if they are commercially availables the most effective a new trap developed by Trece Salinas California containing buffalo gourd root powder Tallamy et al 2005 3 p 72 Despite the benefits to female WCR western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera from eating bitter cucurbit tissues it is males rather than females who actively seek these compounds in nature In a field trial quantifying the sex ratio of beetles that came to cucurbitacin rich fruits of Cucurbita andreana Tallamy et al 2002 2 found that 99 of the 224 WCR western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera found at the fruits over a 5 day period were males This result concurs with the male biased sex ratios frequently found in cucurbitacin traps Shaw et al 1984 41 Fielding and Ruesink 1985 42 Apparently females rely on males for their primary source of cucurbitacins Tallamy et al 2000 28 Males sequester 89 of the cucurbitacins not excreted after ingestion in their spermatophores and pass them to females during copulation Whether such behaviour imparts a mating advantage to WCR western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera males has not been investigated Referencias Editar a b Contardi GH 1939 Estudios geneticos en Cucurbita y consideraciones agronomicas Physis 18 331 347 a b Tallamy D W Powell B E y McClafferty J A 2002 Male traits under cryptic female choice in the spotted cucumber beetle Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Behavioral Ecology 13 511 518 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Tallamy DW BE Hibbard TL Clark and JJ Gillespie 2005 Western Corn Rootworm Cucurbits and Cucurbitacins In S Vidal et al eds 2005 Western Corn Rootworm Ecology and Management CAB International Chapter 4 Copia archivada Archivado desde el original el 29 de noviembre de 2014 Consultado el 23 de noviembre de 2014 Nielsen JK Larsen M and Sorenson HJ 1977 Cucurbitacins E and I in Iberis amara feeding inhibitors for Phyllotreta nemorum Phytochemistry 16 1519 1522 Tallamy DW Stull J Erhesman N and Mason CE 1997 Cucurbitacins as feeding and oviposition deterrents in nonadapted insects Environmental Entomology 26 678 688 Webster FM 1895 On the probable origin development and diffusion of North American species of the genus Diabrotica Journal of the New York Entomological Society 3 158 166 a b c d Metcalf RL Metcalf RA y Rhodes AM 1980 Cucurbitacins as kairomones for diabroticite beetles Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 17 3769 3772 a b c d Nishida R and Fukami H 1990 Sequestration of distasteful compounds by some pharmacophagous insects Journal of Insect Physiology 40 913 931 Tallamy D W Gorski P M and Pesek J 1997b Intra and interspecific genetic variation in the gustatory perception of cucurbitacins by diabroticite rootworms Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Environmental Entomology 26 1364 1372 a b DeHeer C J y Tallamy D W 1991 Cucumber beetle larval affinity to cucurbitacins Environmental Entomology 20 775 788 Gibbs R D 1974 Chemotaxonomy of Flowering Plants 2 McGill Queen s University Press Montreal and London pp 829 830 843 1255 1259 Guha J and Sen S P 1975 The cucurbitacins a review Journal of Plant Biochemistry 2 12 28 Jeffrey C 1980 A review of the Cucurbitaceae Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 81 233 247 Curtis P S and Meade P M 1971 Cucurbitacins from Crusiferae Phytochemistry 10 3081 3083 Pohlman J 1975 Die Cucurbitacine in Bryonia alba und Bryonia dioica Phytochemistry 14 1587 1589 Dryer D L y Trousdale E K 1978 Cucurbitacins in Purshia tridentate Phytochemistry 17 325 326 Thorne R F 1981 Phytochemistry and angiosperm phylogeny a summary statement En Young D A and Seigler D F eds Phytochemistry and Angiosperm Phylogeny Praeger New York pp 233 295 Metcalf R L 1985 Plant kairomones and insect pest control Bulletin III Natural History Survey 35 175 a b Tallamy D W y Krischik V A 1989 Variation and function of cucurbitacins in Cucurbita an examination of current hypotheses American Naturalist 133 766 786 Metcalf R L 1994 Chemical ecology of Diabroticites En Jolivet P H Cox M L y Petitpierre E eds Novel Aspects of the Biology of the Chrysomelidae Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston Massachusetts pp 153 169 a b c Tallamy D W Whittington D P Defurio F Fontaine D A Gorski P M y Gothro P 1998 The effect of sequestered cucurbitacins on the pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae Moniliales Moniliaceae on spotted cucumber beetle eggs and larvae Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Environmental Entomology 27 366 372 Sinha AK y Krishna SS 1970 Further studies on the feeding behavior Aulacophora foveicollis on cucurbitacin Journal of Economic Entomology 63 333 334 Hibbard B E Randolph T L Bernklau E J y Bjostad L B 1997b Electro antennogram active components of buffalo gourd root powder for western corn rootworm adults Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Environmental Entomology 26 1136 1142 Cosse A A y Baker T C 1999 Electrophysiologically and behaviorally active volatiles of buffalo gourd root powder for corn rootworm beetles Journal of Chemical Ecology 25 51 66 a b c Metcalf R L y Metcalf E R 1992 Plant Kairomones in Insect Ecology and Control Routledge Chapman and Hall New York a b c Ferguson J E y Metcalf R L 1985 Cucurbitacins plant derived defense compounds for Diabroticina Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Journal of Chemical Ecology 11 311 318 a b c Andersen JF RD Plattner y D Weisleder 1988 Metabolic transformations of cucurbitacins by Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte and D undecimpunctata howardi Barber Insect Biochemistry 19 71 78 a b c d Tallamy D W Gorski P M y Burzon J K 2000 The fate of male dervied cucurbitacins in spotted cucumber beetle females Journal of Chemical Ecology 26 413 427 Nishida R Yokoyama M y Fukami H 1992 Sequestration of cucurbitacin analogs by New and Old World chrysomelids leaf beetles in the tribe Luperini Chemoecology 3 19 24 Boppre M 1990 Lepidoptera and pyrrolizidine alkaloids exemplification of complexity in chemical ecology Journal of Chemical Ecology 16 165 180 No hay tal Ferguson et al 1985 Puede haberse referido a Ferguson et al 1983 Ferguson J E Metcalf E R Metcalf R L y Rhodes A M 1983 Influence of cucurbitacin content in cotyledons of Cucurbitaceae cultivars upon feeding behavior of Diabroticina beetles Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Journal of Economic Entomology 76 47 57 Dussourd D E Harvis C A Meinwald J and Eisner T 1991 Pheromonal advertisement of a nuptial gift by a male moth Utethesia ornatrix Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88 9224 9227 LaMunyon C W and Eisner T 1993 Postcopulatory sexual selection in an arctiid moth Utethesia ornatrix Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 90 4689 4692 Fronk W D y Slater J H 1956 Insect fauna of cucurbit flowers Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 29 141 145 Howe W L y Rhodes A M 1976 Phytophagous insect association with Cucurbita in Illinois Environmental Entomology 5 747 751 Bach C E 1977 Distribution of Acalymma vittata and Diabrotica virgifera Coleoptera Chrysomelidae on Cucurbita Great Lakes Entomologist 10 123 125 Fisher J R Branson T F y Sutter G R 1984 Use of common squash cultivars Cucurbita spp for mass collection of corn rootworm beetles Diabrotica spp Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society J 57 409 412 Andersen JF y RL Metcalf 1987 Factors influencing distribution of Diabrotica spp in blossoms of cultivated Cucurbita spp Journal of Chemical Ecology 13 681 699 Andersen JF 1987 Composition of the floral odor of Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Cucurbitaceae Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 35 60 62 Metcalf R L y Lampman R L 1991 Evolution of diabroticite rootworm beetle Chrysomelidae receptors for Cucurbita blossom volatiles Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 88 1869 1872 Shaw J T Ruesink W G Briggs S P y Luckman W H 1984 Monitoring populations of corn rootworm beetles Coleoptera Chrysomelidae with a trap baited with cucurbitacins Journal of Economic Entomology 77 1495 1499 Fielding D J y Ruesink W G 1985 Varying amounts of bait influences numbers of western and northern corn rootworms Coleoptera Chrysomelidae caught in cucurbitacins traps Journal of Econonomic Entomology 78 1138 1144 Diabrotica Encyclopedia of Life en ingles EOL org Consultado el 4 de febrero de 2015 Hallan Joel Kenneth 6 de junio de 2010 Synopsis of the described Coleoptera of the World Biology Catalog de la Universidad de Texas A amp M en ingles Archivado desde el original el 2016 a b Brontabel 2013 Derunkov KonstantinovEnlaces externos EditarEsta obra contiene una traduccion derivada de Diabrotica de Wikipedia en neerlandes publicada por sus editores bajo la Licencia de documentacion libre de GNU y la Licencia Creative Commons Atribucion CompartirIgual 3 0 Unported Datos Q1937630 Multimedia Diabrotica Especies Diabrotica Obtenido de https es wikipedia org w index php title Diabrotica amp oldid 138866940, wikipedia, wiki, leyendo, leer, libro, biblioteca,

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