Demografía de Moldavia

El siguiente artículo describe las características de la demografía de Moldavia.

Distribución étnica de Moldavia (datos de 2004).

Densidad de la población de Moldavia, 2014

Población

La población de Moldavia alcanza los 3,5 millones (estimaciones de 2014), y está decreciendo a un ritmo del 1,02% anual.^[1]​ La mayoría de la población pertenece a la etnia moldava (75,8%), seguida por una importante colectividad de ucranianos (8,4%), rusos (5,9%), y gagaúzos (4,4%).^[1]​ Los habitantes se concentran en las llanuras, donde están los centros industriales y se desarrolla la agricultura a gran escala.

El 72,2% de los moldavos vive en las ciudades, lo que representa una de la proporciones más bajas de Europa, sólo superada por algunos de sus vecinos balcánicos. Las principales ciudades del país son Chisinau, la capital, con 1 millón de habitantes.

Moldavia es un estado sin religión oficial, aunque más del 70% de la población se adscribe a la Iglesia Ortodoxa Rumana, que es independiente de la ortodoxa del este. También hay cantidades significativas de católicos protestantes (4% de la población), grupos pentecostales. Según el censo de 2002, también vivían en el país 23.105 ateos y arreligiosos y 6100 judíos.

Idioma moldavo

Artículo principal: Idioma moldavo

El rumano (llamado políticamente "moldavo") es el idioma oficial del país. Le siguen en importancia el ruso y el ucraniano, hablados por las poblaciones de esas etnias. El francés es hablado por un significativo número de personas (entre 1 y 2 millones), y Moldavia es miembro de la Francofonía.

Estadísticas vitales

Gobernación de Besarabia(1900-1914)

^[2]​

	Población	Nacidos vivos	Muertes	Cambio natural	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Cambio natural (por 1000)
1900	2,037,000	83,306	48,480	34,826	40.9	23.8	17.1
1901	2,073,000	87,797	46,296	41,501	42.3	22.3	20.0
1902	2,113,000	96,641	55,423	41,218	45.7	26.2	19.5
1903	2,154,000	94,936	53,236	41,700	44.1	24.7	19.4
1904	2,194,000	99,265	55,436	43,829	45.3	25.3	20.0
1905	2,237,000	80,085	62,387	17,698	35.8	27.9	7.9
1906	2,267,000	95,090	55,638	39,452	41.9	24.5	17.4
1907	2,303,000	107,195	59,964	47,231	46.5	26.0	20.5
1908	2,345,000	96,088	54,772	41,316	41.0	23.4	17.6
1909	2,395,000	105,681	62,498	43,183	44.1	26.1	18.0
1910	2,441,000	101,544	77,356	24,188	41.6	31.7	9.9
1911	2,488,000	97,864	74,093	23,771	39.3	29.8	9.6
1912	2,540,000	102,654	77,431	25,223	40.4	30.5	9.9
1913	2,602,000	102,397	77,745	24,652	39.4	29.9	9.5
1914	2,625,000	100,871	79,202	21,669	38.4	30.2	8.3

After WW II, total area

^[3]​^[4]​

	Average population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Total fertility rate	Urban Fertility	Rural Fertility
1945	2,028,000(e)	42,795	78,797	-36,002	21.1	38.9	-17.8
1946	2,254,000(e)	64,462	64,371	91	28.6	28.5	0.1
1947	2,188,000(e)	57,555	165,049	-107,494	26.3	75.5	-49.2
1948	2,126,000(e)	73,123	35,846	37,277	34.4	16.9	17.5
1949	2,236,000(e)	94,180	30,407	63,773	42.1	13.6	28.5
1950	2,341,000	91,137	26,363	64,774	38.9	11.3	27.7
1951	2,381,000	91,645	25,957	65,688	38.5	10.9	27.6
1952	2,432,000	80,918	30,968	49,950	33.3	12.7	20.5
1953	2,491,000	79,041	23,257	55,784	31.7	9.3	22.4
1954	2,557,000	83,607	24,077	59,530	32.7	9.4	23.3
1955	2,627,000	79,772	21,864	57,908	30.4	8.3	22.0
1956	2,701,000	81,372	20,109	61,263	30.1	7.4	22.7
1957	2,777,000	85,743	21,114	64,629	30.9	7.6	23.3
1958	2,853,000	87,502	18,741	68,761	30.7	6.6	24.1	3.54
1959	2,929,000	92,176	21,467	70,709	31.5	7.3	24.1	3.64
1960	3,003,000	87,910	19,290	68,620	29.3	6.4	22.9	3.41
1961	3,073,000	86,683	19,590	67,093	28.2	6.4	21.8	3.20
1962	3,141,000	80,494	21,365	59,129	25.6	6.8	18.8	3.00
1963	3,208,000	78,422	20,737	57,685	24.4	6.5	18.0	2.89
1964	3,273,000	73,583	19,944	53,639	22.5	6.1	16.4	2.71
1965	3,335,000	67,996	20,571	47,425	20.4	6.2	14.2	2.68
1966	3,395,000	71,406	21,474	49,326	21.0	6.3	14.5	2.73
1967	3,453,000	71,380	23,406	47,294	20.7	6.8	13.7	2.69
1968	3,506,000	69,997	24,268	45,532	20.0	6.9	13.0	2.65
1969	3,549,000	67,575	26,249	40,651	19.0	7.4	11.5	2.58
1970	3,594,000	69,778	26,577	43,201	19.4	7.4	12.0	2.56
1971	3,647,000	73,643	27,889	45,754	20.2	7.6	12.5	2.63
1972	3,700,000	76,198	28,001	48,197	20.6	7.6	13.0	2.63
1973	3,748,000	76,339	30,756	45,583	20.4	8.2	12.2	2.59
1974	3,794,000	77,474	32,216	45,258	20.4	8.5	11.9	2.55
1975	3,839,000	79,169	35,635	43,534	20.6	9.3	11.3	2.52
1976	3,877,000	79,863	34,812	45,051	20.6	9.0	11.6	2.46
1977	3,910,000	79,022	37,250	41,772	20.2	9.5	10.7	2.40
1978	3,936,000	78,994	38,410	40,584	20.1	9.8	10.3	2.38	1.70	3.00
1979	3,967,000	80,152	41,729	38,423	20.2	10.5	9.7	2.39	1.80	2.90
1980	4,010,000	79,580	40,472	39,108	19.8	10.1	9.8	2.41	1.80	2.90
1981	4,054,000	82,279	41,476	40,803	20.3	10.2	10.1	2.45	1.80	3.10
1982	4,097,000	83,258	41,046	42,212	20.3	10.0	10.3	2.43	1.79	3.19
1983	4,137,000	91,304	44,329	46,975	22.1	10.7	11.4	2.57	1.87	3.46
1984	4,175,000	89,637	45,537	44,100	21.5	10.9	10.6	2.67	1.95	3.65
1985	4,214,000	90,453	46,075	44,378	21.5	10.9	10.5	2.70	2.00	3.70
1986	4,255,000	94,726	40,437	54,289	22.3	9.5	12.8	2.78	2.00	3.80
1987	4,290,000	91,762	40,185	51,577	21.4	9.4	12.0	2.70	2.10	3.80
1988	4,321,000	88,568	40,912	47,656	20.5	9.5	11.0	2.63	2.00	3.60
1989	4,349,000	82,221	40,113	42,108	18.9	9.2	9.7	2.46	2.02	3.00
1990	4,364,000	77,085	42,427	34,658	17.7	9.7	7.9	2.39	1.91	3.07
1991	4,363,000	72,020	45,849	26,171	16.5	10.5	6.0	2.26	1.79	2.84
1992	4,353,000	69,654	44,522	25,132	16.0	10.2	5.8	2.21	1.68	2.86
1993	4,350,000	66,179	46,637	19,542	15.2	10.7	4.5	2.10	1.53	2.77
1994	4,350,000	62,085	52,153	9,932	14.3	12.0	2.3	1.95	1.44	2.54
1995	4,340,000	56,411	52,969	3,442	13.0	12.2	0.8	1.76	1.31	2.24
1996	4,325,000	51,865	49,748	2,117	12.0	11.5	0.5	1.60	1.19	2.05
1997	4,311,000	51,286	51,138	148	11.9	11.9	0.0	1.55
1998	4,318,000	46,705	47,691	-986	10.8	11.0	-0.2	1.48
1999	4,307,000	43,511	48,904	-5,393	10.1	11.4	-1.3	1.43

(e)= estimate

Moldova under the central government control

Source: National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova^[5]​

	Average population	Live births	Deaths	Natural change	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Natural change (per 1000)	Total fertility rate (TFR)	Urban TFR	Rural TFR	Life Expectancy (total)	Life Expectancy (male)	Life Expectancy (female)
1997	3,654,000	45,583	42,957	2,626	12.5	11.8	0.7	1.73	1.36	2.09	66.61	62.86	70.30
1998	3,652,000	41,332	39,922	1,410	11.3	10.9	0.4	1.67	1.32	2.03	67.77	64.03	71.39
1999	3,647,000	38,501	41,315	-2,814	10.6	11.3	-0.8	1.61	1.26	1.97	67.44	63.74	71.04
2000	3,640,000	36,939	41,224	-4,285	10.2	11.3	-1.2	1.57	1.23	1.95	67.59	63.87	71.22
2001	3,631,000	36,448	40,075	-3,627	10.0	11.0	-1.0	1.48	1.21	1.92	68.20	64.50	71.75
2002	3,623,000	35,705	41,852	-6,147	9.9	11.6	-1.7	1.41	1.13	1.89	68.13	64.40	71.71
2003	3,613,000	36,471	43,079	-6,608	10.1	11.9	-1.8	1.47	1.18	1.88	68.13	64.47	71.64
2004	3,604,000	38,272	41,668	-3,396	10.6	11.6	-0.9	1.50	1.19	1.91	68.38	64.50	72.16
2005	3,595,000	37,695	44,689	-6,994	10.5	12.4	-1.9	1.219	0.94	1.301	67.85	63.84	71.66
2006	3,586,000	37,587	43,137	-5,550	10.5	12.0	-1.5	1.228	1.025	1.387	68.40	64.57	72.23
2007	3,577,000	37,973	43,050	-5,077	10.6	12.0	-1.4	1.256	0.973	1.543	68.79	65.04	72.56
2008	3,570,000	39,018	41,948	-2,930	10.9	11.7	-0.8	1.277	1.018	1.533	69.36	65.55	73.17
2009	3,566,000	40,809	42,122	-1,313	11.4	11.8	-0.4	1.326	1.048	1.582	69.31	65.31	73.37
2010	3,563,000	40,474	43,631	-3,157	11.4	12.3	-0.9	1.309	1.055	1.531	69.11	65.00	73.41
2011	3,560,000	39,182	39,249	-67	11.0	11.0	-0.0	1.266	1.009	1.482	70.88	66.82	74.93
2012	3,560,000	39,234	39,560	-326	11.0	11.1	-0.1	1.279	1.030	1.483	71.12	67.24	74.99
2013	3,559,000	37,859	38,060	-201	10.6	10.7	-0.1	1.238	0.975	1.449	71.85	68.05	75.55
2014	2,856,950	40,909	39,555	1,354	14.3	13.8	0.5	1.82			69.33	65.20	73.60
2015	2,834,530	40,855	39,848	1,007	14.4	14.1	0.4	1.87			69.37	65.22	73.72
2016	2,802,170	39,961	38,454	1,507	14.3	13.7	0.5	1.89			69.85	65.68	74.20
2017	2,755,158	36,640	36,820	-180	13.3	13.4	-0.1	1.82			70.77	66.70	74.93
2018	2,708,214	34,764	37,307	-2,543	12.8	13.8	-0.9	1.82			70.55	66.24	75.01
2019	2,663,251	32,381	36,411	-4,030	12.2	13.7	-1.5	1.77			70.88	66.76	75.11
2020p		30,597	40,618	-10,021

• Starting with 2014, the sharp changes^[6]​ in the statistics are because of the new calculation methods and according with the latest census, and include only data of resident people that lived in the country predominantly during the last 12 months, regardless of temporary absences (for the purpose of recreation, vacations, visits to relatives and friends, business, medical treatment, religious pilgrimages, etc.).^[7]​

Current vital statistics

^[8]​

Period	Live births	Deaths	Natural increase
January - December 2019	32,381	36,411	-4,030
January - December 2020	30,597	40,618	-10,021
Difference	-1,784 (-5.51%)	Plantilla:IncreaseNegative +4,207 (+11.55%)	-5,991

Área controlada por Transnistria

^[9]​

Fuente:^[10]​

	Población	Nacidos vivos	Muertes	Cambio natural	Crude birth rate (per 1000)	Crude death rate (per 1000)	Cambio natural (por 1000)
1997	657,000	5,703	8,181	-2,478	8.7	12.5	-3.8
1998	665,700	5,373	7,769	-2,396	8.1	11.7	-3.6
1999	660,000	5,010	7,589	-2,579	7.6	11.5	-3.9
2000	651,800	5,010	7,770	-2,760	7.7	11.9	-4.2
2001	642,500	4,505	7,759	-3,254	7.0	12.1	-5.1
2002	633,600	4,630	8,118	-3,488	7.3	12.8	-5.5
2003	623,800	4,440	8,192	-3,752	7.1	13.1	-6.0
2004	554,400	4,840	8,031	-3,191	8.7	14.5	-5.8
2005	547,500	4,664	8,186	-3,522	8.5	15.0	-6.4
2006	540,600	4,868	8,306	-3,438	9.0	15.4	-6.4
2007	533,500	4,893	8,132	-3,239	9.2	15.2	-6.1
2008	527,500	5,290	7,967	-2,677	10.0	15.1	-5.1
2009	522,500	5,189	7,454	-2,265	9.9	14.3	-4.3
2010	518,000	5,189	7,709	-2,520	10.0	14.9	-4.9
2011	513,400	4,999	7,289	-2,290	9.7	14.2	-4.5
2012	509,400	5,173	7,280	-2,107	10.2	14.3	-4.1
2013	505,200	4,806	6,867	-2,061	9.5	13.6	-4.1
2014	500,700	4,994	7,313	-2,319	10.0	14.6	-4.6
2015	474,500	4,959	7,094	-2,135	10.5	15.0	-4.5
2016	470,600	4,676	6,758	-2,082	9.9	14.4	-4.4
2017	469,000	4,500	6,684	-2,184	9.6	14.3	-4.7
2018	465,100	4,086	6,727	-2,641	8.8	14.5	-5.7
2019	465,200	3,646	6,810	-3,164	7.8	14.6	-6.8
2020p	465,800	3,463	7,258	-3,795	7.4	15.6	-8.1

Estadísticas vitales actuales

^[11]​^[12]​

Periodo	Nacidos vivos	Muertes	Cambio natural
Enero - Febrero 2020	581	1,123	-542
Enero - Febrero 2021	515	1,556	-1,041
Diferencia	-66 (-11.36%)	Plantilla:IncreaseNegative +433 (+38.56%)	-499

Inmigración

La población de origen extranjero se distribuye de la siguiente manera (según la oficia de migración y asilo de Moldavia): Foreign-born population (according to the Office of Migration and Asylum):^[13]​^[14]​

País	2018	2019	2020
Ucrania	6,786	6,834	5,318
Rusia	5,742	5,953	4,068
Israel	2,200	1,929	1,412
Rumania	988	1,037	1,012
Turquía	943	1,292	942
India	256	520	634
Italia	501	535	449
	371	458	433
	433	507	364
Bielorusia	327	309	240
Armenia	211	229	209
	202	220	179
	164	327	172
Siria	140	134	112
	–	–	106
Plantilla:Geodatos EU	131	123	101
	98	110	101
Others	3,271	3,313	1,310
Total	22,764	23,830	17,162

Véase también

• Controversia identitaria de Moldavia

Referencias

1. «Moldava». The World Factbook. 2014. Consultado el 10 de marzo de 2015. 
2. . Archivado desde el original el 16 December 2014. Consultado el 24 December 2014.  Parámetro desconocido |url-status= ignorado (ayuda)
3. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001 United nations. Demographic Yearbooks
4. Statistica Moldovei
5. «National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova». 
6. Plantilla:In lang Biroul Național de Statistică prezintă numărul revizuit al populației Republicii Moldova și datele despre migrația internațională | Infografice cu privire la numărul revizuit al populației și indicatori demografici
7. Plantilla:In lang Numărul populaţiei cu reședința obișnuită în Republica Moldova pe sexe şi grupe de vârstă la începutul anului 2019
8. «Quarterly statistical bulletin». 
9. «Yearbook of the State Statistics Service». 
10. «Министерство экономического развития Приднестровской Молдавской Республики». 
11. «Statistical information bulletin». 
12. «Social and economic development of the PMR». 
13. «Compendiul Statistic al Profilului Migrațional Extins al Republicii Moldova pentru anii 2017-2019». BMA.gov. 
14. «Stocul străinilor în Republica Moldova». ANUAR STATISTIC: Imigrarea străinilor, azilul și apatridia în Republica Moldova în anul 2020. 

Enlaces externos

• Información sobre población oficial
• Disaster by Depopulation, un informe de la Cruz Roja sobre el impacto de los cambios demográficos en la estructura familiar y el cuidado de los niños

•   Datos: Q2366865
•   Multimedia: Demographics of Moldova